Abstract: The article explores the formation of the Borchali district in the 19th century, its
territory, and its administrative system. It analyzes the administrative changes the Borchali region
underwent following the occupation by the Russian Empire, the ethnic composition of the
population, the socio-economic situation, and forms of governance. The article also evaluates
territorial changes of the Borchali district in different periods and the demographic consequences
of these changes. The research shows that the Borchali region was a significant historical and
geographical area predominantly inhabited by Azerbaijanis in a compact settlement pattern. The
article also examines the region’s ethnic diversity, the structure of agriculture, and property
relations. From this perspective, the research is significant not only for the field of history but also
for ethnography and political geography.
Keywords: Borchali district, Tiflis Governorate, administrative reforms, Azerbaijanis,
Russian Empire, 19th century, ethno-demography, forms of governance